The production of pottery industry in Guanyao Town of Hunchun County can be traced back to the Hongwu three years of the Ming Dynasty (1369). It has a history of more than 600 years and is known as the “Jiazhou State”. It is a famous daily pottery in Hubei Province. And one of the craft pottery producing areas. It inherits the essence of the Chinese nation's thousands of years of pottery, vividly and completely reproduces the ancient pottery process.

Guanyao Town, its pottery industry has a history of more than 600 years. It is known as the “Jiazhou State” and is one of the three famous kiln producing areas in Hubei Province. The kiln fire is still unbroken for hundreds of years. In 1980, professionals from the Provincial Academy of Fine Arts and the Provincial Museum discovered and unearthed pottery artifacts and fragments in the Guan Kiln site. From these findings, it was concluded that the hand-made pottery process of the tube kiln may appear in the Song Dynasty. In the 1960s, there was a wooden beam on the ancient kiln frame of Liyao in Guanyao Town. It was written with the monument of “Building Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty for two years”. The beam has been damaged. Only one place in Li Kiln is engraved. The kiln of the Eightth Anniversary of Jiaqing in the beginning of April of the 22nd year of Jiaqing. The history of pipe kiln hand-made pottery is mainly distributed around the Chixi Lake. The villagers in each village are mostly based on the rule of pottery, and the villages are named after the name of the pottery kiln, namely: Xiaojiayao, Hongjiayao, Shenjiayao. Hundreds of pottery workshops, such as Jiajia Kiln, Wangji Kiln, Wanji Kiln, Luyao, Li Kiln and Guanjia Kiln. The clay used in the hand-made pottery of the tube kiln is the clay obtained from the shore of the Chixi Lake, which is the loess clay deposited on the bottom of the lake. The clay has yellow and white clay. The clay on the surface of the lake is called yellow clay. It is hard and can only be used as a pottery with simple shapes such as cylinders, pots, pots and pots. The clay deposited deep in the bottom of the lake is called white clay. Sticky, malleable, can make more sophisticated fine pottery. After the Ming Dynasty, the hand-made ceramics of the tube kiln absorbed the local popular paper-cut applique decoration techniques and plating contents, and appeared to depict and tick the flowers, and initially formed their own unique artistic style. In the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the hand-made pottery of the tube kiln was influenced by the art of Chinese painting at the time of inheriting the art of pottery in the early period. Based on the techniques of Chinese painting and freehand brushwork, the form of the pattern was skillfully and vividly drawn on the utensils. On the top, the decorative content is more colorful. The important molding process in the hand-made ceramics of the tube kiln was initially established in the Ming Dynasty. The part of the pottery industry is becoming more and more detailed, and the pottery is made by practicing the mud, excavating, paneling, printing blanks, drawing blanks, glazing, kiln and other techniques, and then kiln, kiln, packaging and other processes are tightly closed. The degree of specialization is increasing. In the subject matter of characterization, it is mainly based on flowers, birds and fish worms in life, such as “Xi 鹊 鹊 ”, “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “

Technical requirements for quality of pipe kiln pottery 1. Product classification 1. Divided into daily-use pottery and art pottery according to the purpose. 2. Divided into glazed pottery and unglazed pottery according to product type. 3. Divided into small, medium, large and special types according to product specifications. Second, the raw material requirements are from the material soil and worm-like red soil in the area of ​​Guanyao Town of Hunchun County as the main raw material, and its characteristics meet the following requirements: 1. Material soil: generally mined 5 to 10 meters below the ground surface, the texture is evacuated. The surface is grayish white, and the mica flakes are visible to the naked eye. The water content is generally 18% to 23%, and the viscosity is good. There is a strong sense of slip after handcuffs. 2. Worm-like red clay: generally mined on the surface of the earth to 10 meters below the surface, the surface is brownish red, scattered, the general ore content of the original ore is 12% to 17%, after the handcuffs can form a mud mass. 3. Main chemical components of raw materials: raw material name SiO2 content (%) Al2O3 content (%) Fe2O3 content (%) TiO2 content (%) caO content (%) mgO content (%) K2O content (%) Na2O content (%) Material soil 50--8014--235--121.0--2.50.1--11--51--41--3 worm-like laterite 50--7012--235--121.0--3.01--101-- 52--71--3 III. Process flow and process characteristics (1) Glaze pottery process process ingredients, ball milling, sieving, pressing, grinding mud, blank forming, drying, blanking, forming and splicing, drying, casting Make-up soil, carving and filling, glazing, firing, kiln, inspection, and finished products. (2) Unglazed pottery process ingredients, ball milling, sieving, pressing, grinding, blank forming, drying, blanking, forming and splicing, drying, applying makeup, carving, grinding, kiln, grinding Light, inspection, and finished products. (III) Process characteristics 1. Preparation of mud material: The clay material taken from the special material soil and worm-like red soil in the town of Guanyao is matched according to the requirements of ceramics, and the slurry is made into a slurry by ball milling, using a sieve of 120 to 300 mesh. After filtration, it is pressed into tablets and blocks, and after being vacuum-treated, the seal is placed in the shade to be stale. 2. Billet: The daily-use ceramics are formed by roll forming and grouting, and the art ceramics are hand-drawn; 3. Applying clay: blending with fine clay and water to form a slurry, coated on the pottery, in the blank A thin layer of color paste is formed on the surface. 4. Carving and filling: There are two techniques of engraving and filling. "Carving" is a special carving knife, which is embossed on the surface of the wet blank. It is divided into intaglio and yang, requiring precise lines. The "filling mud" is a four-step process of preparing the color mud into the mold according to the decoration requirements, preparing the color separation mud, filling the mud, pressing the mud, and shaving. It is required that the filling and the blank are naturally connected without cracks. 5. Glazing: It is mainly by hand pouring, filling, swaying and spraying. After firing, the glaze effect appears. 6. Firing: The glaze ceramic firing temperature is between 1080 °C and 1200 °C, and the unglazed ceramic firing temperature is between 1000 °C and 1120 °C. According to the process requirements, it is fired by oxidation or reduction. 7. Polishing: After the unglazed pottery is fired, use the appropriate grinding tools, rough grinding, fine grinding and other processes to polish the surface of the finished pottery, and polish it into mirror light or bright, matte, matte as needed. effect. The filling and the body are integrated and smooth without cracks. 2. Glazed pottery: generally reddish brown, beige, hard and dense, can resist external impact, not easy to break, the same product has different colors due to different glaze, glazed smooth. The glaze is viewed with a 60x magnifying glass, colorful and visible crystals. (2) Physical and chemical indicators Water absorption rate ≤ 5%; Thermal shock resistance: Small products 180 ° C input into 20 ° C water heat exchange once without cracking; medium, large, special products at 160 ° C into 20 ° C water heat exchange once without cracking. Lead dissolution rate: ≤0.3mg/L; cadmium dissolution rate: ≤0.05mg/L; product size deviation: ±3.0% (III) Safety and other quality technical requirements Product safety and other quality technical requirements must comply with relevant national regulations.

Apply to：
Producers within the scope of the production of tube kiln pottery may apply to the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of Hunchun County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province for the use of the “Special Mark for Geographical Indication Products”, which shall be reviewed by the Hubei Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and submitted to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine for approval. Announced. The inspection mechanism of the tube kiln pottery is selected by the Hubei Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision in the inspection institutions that meet the qualification requirements.