Laifeng paint chopsticks, the carrier of the Tujia culture. As an important cultural symbol of Chinese food customs, chopsticks are an indispensable means of eating on the table of Chinese people. Due to the unique structure of its composition and use, it is often endowed with a good meaning of pairing, sharing, and quick-growing. As a non-legacy project of Hubei Province, the craftsmanship of Laifeng lacquer chopsticks combines the craftsmanship and practicality of chopsticks with unique craftsmanship.

The history of Laifeng lacquer chopsticks has been well documented for nearly two hundred years. Laifeng lacquer chopsticks inherit the cultural tradition of national lacquerware. With raw lacquer and freshwater shells as composite cover materials, after repeated painting and repeated polishing, it has the effect of colorful and smooth and crystal clear, simple and elegant, with rich national characteristics. And regional style. “In the production process of Laifeng lacquer chopsticks, Jinsitong oil and Lichuanba lacquer are indispensable raw materials, and also the key to determining the quality of lacquer chopsticks.” Located in Laifeng County in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain, west of Chongqing Fuyang, East The Lishui River is opposite to Longshan County in Hunan. The climate in the territory is mild, rainfall is sufficient, and the frost-free period is long, which provides an excellent natural environment for the growth of tung tree. Tung oil has the characteristics of anti-corrosion, moisture-proof, acid and alkali resistance, good luster, strong adhesion, etc. It is widely used in the construction of houses, wooden boats, umbrellas, etc., and the locals of Laifeng have "there are thousands of families, and the children are not poor." "The saying goes." As early as more than 100 years ago, the tung oil produced by Laifeng has been sold well everywhere. According to Tongzhi's "Laifeng County", it can be said that it can pass through the boat and go straight to the rivers and lakes. The tung oil, the oysters and the wood produced by the county and neighboring oysters are gathered here... The traders are rushing to the river, often with the tung oil flowing down the river... Because the color of the phoenix tree oil is golden, the drop can be pulled into silk, so it is called "golden tung oil", especially in the town of Baifusi. The quality of the raw lacquer directly determines the appearance and color of the lacquer chopsticks. As the "king of paint", raw lacquer is a natural non-toxic and harmless paint, its color is soft and bright, and it is resistant to high temperature and high heat. Wu Xuefeng introduced that the raw lacquer used to make the lacquer chopsticks came from Maoba Township and nearby areas in Lichuan City. The lacquer lacquer produced in this area is thick, bright and fragrant, so it enjoys the reputation of “the lacquer is clear like oil, seeing the beauty of the head, shaking the tabby and lifting the fishing hook”. Wu Xuefeng said that raw lacquers require more than 20 complex processes from raw material processing to finished products. The sensory experience of smell, vision and touch is used to ensure the quality of the finished paint. The paint is generally cut in the small heat, the cold dew is closed, the eye cut paint should be carried out before sunrise, and the rain can not cut the paint. After each paint cut, the paint tree rests for 10 days before cutting. Tung oil and cut raw lacquer should be sealed in special wooden barrels to prevent deterioration. The paint used in lacquer chopsticks is to reconcile raw lacquer and tung oil according to a certain proportion, to make it waterproof and polish, and to add other natural pigments when refining the paint. There are hundreds of processes for Laifeng lacquer chopsticks. The chopsticks are made of bamboo, ironwood, boxwood, sandalwood, etc., and after the chopsticks are polished, the primer is applied. Then, paste the freshwater shells produced on the surface of the chopsticks on the surface of the chopsticks. After the paint is dried, repeat the paint for dozens of times to make the color of the paint dipped into the shells. Effect. Because raw lacquer cannot be dried by the sun, but must be naturally dry, the process of repeated painting and drying is the most time consuming. It takes more than two months for the paint chopsticks to be completed from the primer to the finish.

Technical requirements for quality of Laifeng lacquer chopsticks (1) Variety. Chopsticks with shells and lacquered finishes. (2) Requirements for raw and auxiliary materials. 1. Material: Bamboo or wood. The wood is beech, eucalyptus, sandalwood, walnut, pear, cherry, boxwood, and eucalyptus. 2. Tung oil is a ginseng oil produced in Laifeng County, Hubei Province. It is clear and transparent with no impurities. 3. Raw lacquer must be produced from the dam area of ​​Lichuan City, Hubei Province. 4. Use unpolluted shells from the banks of the Lishui River. (3) Production process. 1. Raw material processing: (1) Bamboo, wood: Bamboo is broken or the saw is cut into 2.5cm thick wood, placed in the cooking pool, heated to boiling for 24h. Move into the steam chamber for steaming for 6h to 12h, then move into the drying chamber and dry at 45°C to 50°C for 7d to 8d, the water content is ≤8%. (2) Raw lacquer and tung oil: Filtered with 80 mesh, 180 mesh, and 320 mesh filter cloths in turn, placed in a grinding kettle, and repeatedly added to the amount of tung oil after repeated grinding. (3) Shell: broken, sieved. 2. Process: 3. Process points: (1) The moisture content of dried bamboo and wood is less than or equal to 8%; (2) The addition of tung oil to the raw paint should be added according to different seasons; (3) Each paint should be light and thin. Evenly, after natural dryness, it can be painted. After 5 coats, it will be repeatedly polished and painted. After coarse grinding, fine grinding, the number of paintings is not less than 30; (4) using 1200 mesh clay bricks Water, push the light by hand. (4) Quality characteristics. 1. Appearance requirements: It has luster, no dullness, clear pattern, smooth and smooth chopsticks, no traces; slightly sour and fragrant. 2. Physical and chemical requirements: (1) Dimensions and tolerances: It should meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 Dimensions and Tolerances Project Specifications Dimensions Specifications Tolerance Range Total Length, mm200, 220, 250, 255±0.5 Flower Length, mm110, 140, 160, 160±2 Large End Face Diagonal Length Error, mm±0.5 Small Head Face Diameter Error, mm±0.5 warpage, mm≤1.0 (2) Temperature resistance: The shell part is not boiled in boiling water for 2h, the paint film has no cracks and no damage. (3) Abrasion resistance: the working plate speed is 70r/min to 75r/min, the number of grinding cycles is 2000 rpm, and the paint film is partially white or slightly white. 3. Hygiene requirements: Hygienic requirements Project indicators evaporation residue, mg/L distilled water soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ 65% ethanol soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ 4% acetic acid soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ n-hexane soaking solution , 20 ° C, 2 h ≤ 30303030 potassium permanganate consumption, mg / L distilled water soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ 10 heavy metals (in terms of Pb), mg / L 4% acetic acid soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ 1 formaldehyde, Mg/L4% acetic acid soaking solution, 60 ° C, 2 h ≤ 5 free phenol, mg / L distilled water soaking solution, 95 ° C, 30 min ≤ 0.1 Note: Soak the unshelled parts with 4% acetic acid soaking solution. 4. Safety requirements: Product safety indicators must meet the relevant regulations of the state for similar products.

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Producers within the scope of protection of the geographical indication products of Laifeng Painted Chopsticks may apply to the Laifeng County Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of Hubei Province for the use of the “Special Mark for Geographical Indication Products”, which shall be approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.