Liangshan Watermelon, a specialty of Liangshan Town, Xinmin City, Liaoning Province. Xinmin City is known as the “hometown of watermelon”. Liangshan Town and several surrounding towns have good soil permeability, small rainfall, large temperature difference between day and night, and are very beneficial to the accumulation of sugar in fruits. The watermelon produced is called “Liangshan Watermelon”. "It is known for its large skin, delicate flesh, sweet and refreshing appearance, bright appearance and good merchandise."

Xiaoliangshan watermelon, special product of Xinmin City, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. Produced in Liangshan Town, Xinmin City and several surrounding townships, the total planting area is 250,000 mu. Here, the soil has good gas permeability, small rainfall, large temperature difference between day and night, and is very beneficial to the accumulation of sugar in the fruit. The watermelon produced is called “Small Liangshan Watermelon”. It is made of a large skin, delicate flesh, sweet and refreshing, and beautiful appearance. It is famous for its good commodity quality and has become the golden signboard of the superior agricultural products of Xinmin City. The watermelon industry has become the pillar industry of Xinmin’s economic development. Xinmin City is located in the Liaohe Plain, located in the central part of Liaoning Province. The geographical coordinates are 122°27′-123°20′ east longitude, 41°42′-42°17′ north latitude, and the average elevation is 31m. The production area of ​​Xiaoliangshan Watermelon is mainly located in the west of Xinmin City, with the Huanyang River in the west, Dahongqi Town and Liuhegou Town in the south, Liuhe River in the east and Zhouzizi Township in the north. The total production area is 32,627 hectares and the total annual output is 1.22 million tons. (1) Soil topography: The soil of Xinmin City can be divided into five categories: meadow soil, paddy soil, brown loam soil, marsh soil and aeolian sandy soil. It is mostly meadow soil, accounting for 86% of the total area of ​​the city, followed by paddy soil. , accounting for 6.7% of the city's total area. The soil pH is between 6.86 and 7.68. Soil fertility is moderate. The terrain of Xinmin City is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. Except for some hills in the northeast, most of them are alluvial plains of the Liaohe River. (2) Hydrology: The main rivers in Xinmin City include Liaohe River, Liuhe River, Luyang River, Yangjimu River, Xiushui River and Puhe River, with a total length of 239.1km. The city is rich in groundwater resources. There are two major river systems, Liaohe and Liuhe. The water level is about 1.5m above the ground. The water quality below 70m is good, which provides good irrigation conditions for Xinmin Xiaoliangshan watermelon. (3) Climate: Xinmin City has obvious changes in the four seasons, which is a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate. The winter is cold and dry, with more northerly winds and northwesterly winds; summer is hot and rainy, with more southerly winds and southwesterly winds; the temperature rises and falls in spring and autumn. The dominant wind direction is southwest wind, with an average wind speed of 4.1 m/s and a maximum wind speed of 20 m/s. The annual average temperature is 8.2 °C, the average annual rainfall is 417.7mm, the average frost-free period is 160 days, the annual average sunshine hours is 2753.2 hours, and the active accumulated temperature is 3348 °C. The crop growing season in Xinmin City is abundant, the rainfall is moderate, and the thermal conditions can satisfy the growth of watermelon in Xiaoliang Mountain. Jingxin series watermelon is the main variety of Xiaoliangshan watermelon. The technology comes from the Vegetable Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Jingxin series variety Jingxin No. 2, Jingxin No. 3, Jingxin No. 4, Jingxiu, Gyeonggi and other watermelon hybrids have strong growth potential and good fruit setting performance. The content of soluble solids in the center of the fruit is more than 12%. The skin is thin and the crack resistance is much higher than that of Jingxin No. 1. It is resistant to blight and is resistant to anthracnose. It is suitable for pre-cultivation in protected areas and open fields. Compared with "Jingxin No.1", its outstanding advantages are: in the early spring, the low temperature and low light production conditions of the protected area are good, tidy, fast-expanding, increasing yield by about 10%, and the fruit crack resistance is improved. The fruit grown in Liangshan Town is a golden sign with a large skin, delicate flesh, sweet and refreshing appearance, bright appearance and good commodity quality. It is about 75% of the high quality watermelons produced in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia. The market, the rest are exported to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other southern markets. Xinmin City has a history of planting watermelon for many years, especially Liangshan Town. As far back as Guangxu years, there were watermelon cultivation in the Xiaoliangshan area of ​​Xinmin. The scattered soil was planted in sporadic land. The variety was the old variety of thick skin and large seeds. Every time the melon season, neighboring villagers or past pedestrians went to the melon shed to buy Melon, quenching thirst and cooling off, but rarely marketing in the field. According to the survey in 1951, the area planted with watermelon in Xinmin area totaled 516.4hm2, and it will increase and decrease in different degrees in the following years. The variety will gradually transition from thick skin and large seeds to thin skin and small seeds. Although there has been no major change in cultivation techniques, the amount of commodities has increased year by year, and most of them are local consumption. During the Cultural Revolution, the cultivation of watermelons in Xinmin Xiaoliangshan was regarded as one of the "jujubes" destroyed. In 1976, only 272.4hm2 remained. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, with the reform of the rural economic system and the adjustment of the agricultural planting structure, the cultivation of Xinmin Xiaoliangshan watermelon has developed rapidly. In 1985, the city's watermelon planting area has exceeded 1300hm2, with a total output of 187.4 million kilograms. By 1986, only Liangshan Town had planted nearly 1000hm2 of watermelon, producing 17.58 million kilograms of watermelon, accounting for 70% of the total watermelon production in the city. It became a watermelon production base and was known as the “hometown of watermelon”. With the development of the commodity economy, the cultivation techniques of Xinmin Xiaoliangshan watermelon have also been continuously reformed. In 1981, the three teams of Liangjia Town Feijiagangzi successfully carried out small-area film mulching cultivation experiments. In 1982, they expanded to 35 mu, with an average yield of 2,000 kg per mu, which was 166% higher than the 750 kg per mu of cultivated land. By 1984, the film mulching had reached more than 90% of the total watermelon planting area in the town. At the same time, the varieties of Xinmin Xiaoliangshan watermelon have also been greatly improved. Early varieties such as early flowers have been eliminated, and new varieties such as Qihong, Xinhongbao, Jinzhongguanlong and Dahongbao have been produced, with high yield and good quality. Qihong and Dahongbao are not only big, but also sweet and juicy, especially in the cultivation of raw land, and the quality is better.

Liangshan Watermelon (Jiaoliangshan Watermelon) Quality Technical Requirements I. Variety Wanqing 9688, Sugar God 888, Shenguan 999, Extra large Jingfengbao and other late-maturing varieties. Second, the site conditions The soil type is carbonate meadow soil, the soil texture is loam or sandy loam, pH value 7.1 to 7.83, organic matter content ≥1.0%. Third, cultivation management Seedling: Select cucurbits and pumpkin varieties for grafting seedlings. Do not use genetically modified varieties. 2. 3. Colonization: The planting time is from late April to early May, and the number of plants per hectare is ≥10,500. 4. Water and fertilizer management: no fruiting during flowering and fruiting, stop watering one week before picking melon. 5. Leave melon: leave only one melon per plant. 6. Turn the melon: After the fruit stops growing, turn over the melon, turn the melon in the afternoon, turn it in one direction, each flip angle does not exceed 30°, and each melon turns 2 to 3 times. 7. Environmental and safety requirements: The use of pesticides, fertilizers, etc. must comply with relevant national regulations and must not pollute the environment. Fourth, harvesting and harvesting time is generally from mid-July to late September. V. Quality Features 1. Sensory characteristics: the fruit shape is neat, the size is uniform, the background color and stripes are clear, the profile is uniform and there is no hard block; the color is bright red, the fiber is less, the juice is sweet and sweet, the quality is sweet and crisp, no residue, and the taste is good. 2. Physical and chemical indicators: soluble solids content ≥ 11%. 3. Safety and other quality technical requirements: Product safety and other quality technical requirements must comply with relevant national regulations.

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Producers within the production area of ​​Liangshan Watermelon (Small Gap Mountain Watermelon) may apply to the Xinmin City Market Supervision Administration of Liaoning Province for the use of the “Special Mark for Geographical Indication Products”, which is reviewed by the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of Liaoning Province and submitted to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine for approval. After the announcement. The detection mechanism of Liangshan Watermelon (Small Gap Mountain Watermelon) is selected by the Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision in a testing institution that meets the qualification requirements.