The Qilihai River crab, a special product of Ninghe County, Tianjin, is named after its growth in the Qili waters of Ninghe County. The Qilihai Sea is a typical ancient lagoon wetland in the Bohai Sea of ​​China. The water is clean and rich in trace elements, making the quality of the Qilihai crab very good. The Qilihai River crab was a court tribute in the Qing Dynasty. Because of its nutrient-rich, high protein content and low fat content, it was deeply loved by the Tianjin people.

The head of the Qilihai River crab is integrated into the chest. The body is about 5.4cm long and 6cm wide. The back of the body has a rounded carapace. It is a relatively hard carapace with a dark green color. The abdomen is grayish white and flat. It is divided into seven sections. The shape of the female crab is round, and the male crab has a raised triangle, so the male and female crabs are also commonly known as "round umbilicus" and "杈 umbilical cord" or "pointed umbilicus"; on both sides of the forehead, there is a pair of handles Compound eye, the eye stalk is divided into two sections, one long and one short, so that the eye stalk sometimes stands upright, sometimes lying in the eye socket; the mouthpiece is in the middle part of the mouth frame, composed of 6 pairs of limbs, stacked up in layers Into 6 screens, the food needs to pass through the 6 doors before entering the esophagus; the river crab has 5 pairs of feet, the first pair is the cheek foot, the male is stronger than the female, both are born with fluff on the palm, male cheeks The fluff is denser than the female, and the two knuckles are exposed outside the villi. The pair of cheeks are like pliers, which can both feed and resist the enemy. The second to fifth pairs of abdominal limbs, which are flat and long, are used for walking, also called walking feet, and have the functions of self-cutting and resurrection. Female crabs have 4 pairs of abdominal limbs attached to the second to fifth sections of the abdomen; male crabs have only two pairs of abdominal limbs and are placed on the first two quarters of the abdomen. The crab's abdomen is cut open to reveal the genital hole. The female crab has a pair of openings on the third section of the plastron; the male crab has a conical saclike protrusion on the fifth section of the plastron. Morphological characteristics The head of the Qilihai River crab is integrated into the chest. The body is about 5.4cm long and 6cm wide. The back of the body has a rounded carapace. It is a relatively hard carapace with a dark green color. The abdomen is grayish white and flat. Section, the shape of the female crab is round, the male crab is a raised triangle, so the male and female crabs are also commonly known as "round navel" and "杈 umbilical" or "pointed umbilicus"; on both sides of the forehead, there is a pair of handles The compound eye, the eye stalk is divided into two sections, one long and one short, so that the eye stalk sometimes stands upright, sometimes lying in the eye socket; the mouthpiece is in the middle part of the mouth frame, composed of 6 pairs of limbs, stacked in layers Arranged into 6 screen doors, the food needs to go through the 6 doors to enter the esophagus; the river crab has 5 pairs of feet, the first pair is the cheek foot, the male is stronger than the female, both are born with fluff on the palm, male cheek The upper fluff is denser than the female, and the two knuckles are exposed outside the fluff. The cheeks are like pliers, which can both feed and resist the enemy. The second to fifth pairs of abdominal limbs, which are flat and long, are used for walking, also called walking feet, and have the functions of self-cutting and resurrection. Female crabs have 4 pairs of abdominal limbs attached to the second to fifth sections of the abdomen; male crabs have only two pairs of abdominal limbs and are placed on the first two quarters of the abdomen. The crab's abdomen is cut open to reveal the genital hole. The female crab has a pair of openings on the third section of the plastron; the male crab has a conical saclike protrusion on the fifth section of the plastron. Life habits The Qilihai River crabs like to live in caves on the mudbanks of the ditch. The acupoints are tubular, with an inclination of about 10° from the ground plane. There is water in the depths. The caves are 20-80 cm long and 2-15 cm in diameter. Boarding is hidden. Crabs are rich in food, like fish, shrimp, snails, crickets and grains, especially for young fish, shrimps, snails, etc. When you find food, first use the cheeks to hold the food and send it to your mouth, then use the second pair. The tip of the foot holds the food, delivers it to the third pair of feet, and then sends it to the big cockroach. The cockroach cuts or grinds the food and sends it to the mouth. The river crab breathes with sputum and squats on the left and right sides below the head and chest. Most of the inhaled water enters the sacral cavity through the base of the sacral foot and then flows out from the vicinity of the mouthpiece. After the river crab leaves the water surface, the air is mixed with the water through the cavity and sprayed out through the breath to form a lot of foam. In the Mid-Autumn Festival of the year, the Chinese calendar is the breeding season. The mature female crabs must be licked once before mating and laying eggs, in order to mate with male crabs. The female crabs after mating gradually change. Hard, and then prepare to lay eggs, every year from December to March of the next year is the peak season for crabs to lay eggs. Generally, female crabs can lay eggs after 7 to 16 hours after mating at a water temperature of 9 to 12 °C. Female crabs of ~200 g can lay 20-900,000 eggs at a time. When the temperature is suitable, the eggs can become young crabs after five stages of larvae and one-stage large-eyed larvae, which lasts about 1 to 2 months. Humanistic History Qilihai is located in the wilderness of the wilderness. How is the ordinary product of the river crab being sent into the palace? It is said that a royal family of the Qing Dynasty brought it into the palace. It is said that a royal relative came to Qilihai, and the local officials accompanying him used the purple crab to entertain. After the royal family tasted it, they were full of praise. Before leaving, they specially brought a crab to the emperor. The emperor tasted this delicious, Longyan Da Yue, so he ordered the tribute of the Seven Mile Sea River crab every year. Since then, the Qilihai River crab has been famous for a while. Then, why did the emperor come to the Seven Miles in a few hundred miles? The author carefully read "Zhu Fu Tongzhi" and finally found evidence. The book records: In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), the imperial court sent Prince Yixian to check the water conservancy and came to Qilihai. The waterway was shallow and narrow. In the following year, the commissioner was responsible for excavating the Ningche River, by Huaiyu Lake (now Huaidian Village on the shore of the Qilihai Island starts from Beitangkou and is forty miles long. From this point of view, the emperor’s relatives are probably the Prince Yixian who came to check the water conservancy. It is logical for the prince to return to Beijing to bring some crabs to the emperor.

Technical requirements for quality of the Qilihai crab (1) source. Eriocheir sinensis in the Liaohe River system. (2) Breeding conditions. The culture environment meets the requirements of DB 120221/T003-2002. The organic matter content in the soil is 1.3% to 2.6%, the total nitrogen content is 0.07% to 0.15%, the total phosphorus content is 0.02% to 0.09%, the potassium content is 0.01% to 0.045%, the pH is 8.2 to 8.4, and the salt content is 1‰ to 3‰. . (3) Parents. Breeding crabs should be physically strong, vigorous, with complete appendages and no damage; females weigh 100g/we, males weigh 120g/we, males and females 2.5:1. (4) Seeds. The specifications are neat, the body is strong, the reaction is sensitive, the body surface is smooth, the appendage is complete, and there is no parasite. Large-eyed larvae for crab breeding, with a specification of 15 to 200,000/kg; crabs for crab culture, with specifications of 120 to 300/kg. (5) Adult crab farming. 1. Clear pond disinfection: In the first ten days of March, the excess sludge in the pond was removed, and the medicine at the bottom of the pond was disinfected. 2. Deduction of crabs: The crabs are stocked in the middle and late March. There are no more than 500 crabs per 0.067hm2, and they can be matched with fish, mainly for filter-feeding and omnivorous fish. 3. Feeding: It is mainly based on aquatic natural bait, with plant feed such as soybean meal and corn. 4. Water quality regulation: Regularly use quicklime to regulate water quality, kill germs and keep water quality indicators stable. The water depth is 1.0m to 2.0m, the transparency is equal to less than 30cm, the dissolved oxygen is equal to more than 3mg/L, the pH is 8.0 to 8.8, and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are both lower than 0.1 mg/L. 5. Growing season: no less than 5 months. 6. Product specifications: male crab ≥ 100g / only, female crab ≥ 75g / only. (6) Quality characteristics. 1. Sensory indicators: well-proportioned, nearly square, thick crab, hard shell, shiny; back blue gray, abdomen milky white; crab yellow sauce purple, fat cream milky white, crab meat white and tender, delicious. 2. Physical and chemical indicators: male crab: crude protein ≥ 15.5%, crude fat ≥ 9%, fatness ≥ 0.54 g / cm3, gonads percentage ≥ 2.2%; female crab: crude protein ≥ 16%, crude fat ≥ 11 %, fatness ≥ 0.48g / cm3, gonads percentage ≥ 6.0%.

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Producers within the scope of protection of the geographical indication products of the Qilihai River Crab may submit an application for the use of the “Special Mark for Geographical Indication Products” to the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of Ninghe County, Tianjin, and the approval of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.