Fangxian black fungus, produced in Hubei Fangxian. Its color, fleshy, large, high quality and nutritious, won the reputation of "room ear". The black fungus here is "shaped like a swallow, like a fly", also known as "yan ear", and has the reputation of "king of the mountains". Fangxian County is a famous black fungus production base county in the country. It is a well-known Chinese and foreign "hometown of fungus".

Nutritional value The colloidal body of the black fungus has a great adsorption force, which can collect the dust and impurities remaining in the human body's digestion and respiratory system and excrete it. The black fungus is thin and elastic, translucent, with a shallow disc shape, the ear is irregular, the color is good, the appearance is beautiful, the meat is rich, the texture is good, the taste is pure, and the hair is large. The black fungus is dry, large, fleshy, and free of impurities. The quality of the "spring ear" collected before the "small heat" is the best. Black fungus is sweet, flat, beneficial, and healthy. Contains charcoal compounds, protein, fat, cellulose, as well as calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and vitamin C. Chinese medicine believes that black fungus has the effect of nourishing and moistening the skin, nourishing blood and stomach, and resisting decay. Li Shizhen wrote in his "Compendium of Materia Medica": The fungus is "sexually sweet, the right to benefit from qi is not hungry, light and strong." And there are orders for hemorrhoids, blood stasis and so on. In modern medical circles, there are new discoveries about the medicinal value of black fungus. It is believed to have the effects of clearing the lungs, moistening and removing phlegm, and also containing anti-cancer substances. Geographical conditions Fangxian County has undulating hills, dense forests, mild climate, abundant rainfall, and abundant ear forest resources, providing unique conditions for the production of black fungus. Fangxian County of Hubei Province is a famous black fungus production base county in the country. It is a well-known Chinese and foreign "hometown of fungus". The black fungus produced here has good color, beautiful appearance, rich meat, good texture and good taste. In the early 1965 national black-ear funeral evaluation, Fangxian black fungus used the dry ear 1 city jins to make 26 kilograms and took the lead. At the National Edible Fungi Work Conference held in Yunnan in 1980, Fangxian Black Fungus was ranked among the best in terms of high nutrient content, low impurities and lowest harmful elements. Production History Since the Tang Dynasty, Fangxian people have always had the habit of producing and eating black fungus, and accumulated rich experience. In the Tang Dynasty, Su Gong’s "Tang Ben Cao Note" mentioned the artificial cultivation method of Fangmu black fungus: "Mulberry, sorghum, sorghum, sorghum, and willow are five fungus... boiled porridge, on the wood, on the grass It is born." It is rumored that after Tang Zhongzong Li Xian was detained in Fangling, his heart was stagnation and he became sick for a long time. The Chinese medicine used black fungus to take medicine. However, he was mistaken by the cook to think that the dish was fried and eaten. Li Xian ate the soft and lubricated black fungus and felt the god. Fresh and refreshing, I often eat it later. After returning to Beijing, I also kissed the "room ear" as a tribute. Since the reform and opening up, Fangxian has formulated the economic development strategy of “prospering the mountain and enriching the people” and vigorously developing the black fungus base. Especially in recent years, with the popularization and improvement of science and technology, the quality of black fungus has been continuously improved, and the output has also increased. . At present, the county's black fungus ear forest base has reached 2 million mu, the annual output of black fungus has reached 600,000 kg, and the highest output has reached 10 kg. The county's black fungus production accounts for one-third of Hubei Province, accounting for 1/8 of the country. High-quality black fungus features 1, color ventral black and light; 2, shape ear flap stretch, big; 3, touch surface smooth, brittle and easy to break, loose, light and dry; 4, soaking hair good, dry hair The ratio is about 1:26, the leaf body is thick, and the water absorption is large. 5. The taste is smellless, the taste is light and slightly fragrant, and there is no sweetness, bitterness, and scent. 6. The sound is flipped and has a smooth rustling sound. . Characteristics of adulterated black fungus 1. Brown, with white or yellowish frost attached to the object; 2. Small and thin, often bonded into blocks, rough appearance and heavy weight; 3. Rough appearance; Odor, small amount of water absorption, small leaves, greenish color in black; 5, pungent sour taste, bitter, salty, glutinous, sweet and so on when tasted; 6, no sound when flipping, there is a feeling of tidal.

Technical requirements for quality of black fungus in Fangxian County (1). Variety: "193", "New Branch". (2) Cultivation substrate. 1. Substrate requirements: The use of segment wood requires 8 to 12 years of flowering eucalyptus. 2. Harvesting time: felling from December to March. 3. Segment wood processing: After 15 days of felling, the branches are cut and the ear wood is sawn to be 1m to 1.2m long. The cut ear woods are separated by the diameter and thickness, and are supported by the slabs, and are coded in a "well" shape in a place where the ventilation is sunny, and the stack height is 1 m to 1.5 m. 4. Ear field selection: ventilated to the sun, moderate temperature, convenient water source and well drained ground. (3) Production technical requirements. 1. Culture of strains: The strains should be of good variety, adaptable, fresh and vigorous. The sensory requirements should meet the requirements of the following table: The project requires the container to be intact, non-destructive, crack-free tampon or cotton-free plastic cover to be dry, clean and tight, to meet the requirements of the air and filter bacteria. Distance of 50mm±5m inoculation (number of cultivars per bottle) 40 bottles (bags) -50 bottles (bags) Mycelium growth overgrown container Mycelium characteristics White to beige, fine wooly, growing Exuberant, the colony-finished medium and mycelial medium are uniformly discolored, and the strains are close to the bottle (bag) wall or slightly dried hyphae secretions allow a small amount of colorless to brownish yellow water bead bacteria to be innocent Angular change without ear buds (fruit body primordium) allows a small amount of light brown in dark brown chrysanthemum or irregular gum ear bud smell has a unique aroma of black fungus species, no acid, odor, mildew and other odors 2. Vaccination : The inoculation season is from the end of February to the end of March, pay attention to avoid inoculation under the scorching sun or rainy days. (1) Inoculation: Drilling with a 16 mm diameter drill bit, the row spacing is 4 cm, the hole spacing is 4 cm, the hole depth is 3 cm, and the holes are marked as "good" shape, and the number of strains used is 7.5 kg to 8.5 kg per frame. (2) Using a sterilized tool to excavate high-quality strains from the strain bag (bottle), and put the block of the bacteria into the holes, and the tightness is moderate. (3) After the bacteria are loaded, cover the hole above the bark cover with a hole diameter of 1.5mm to 2mm, and tap it tightly to be level with the surface of the segment. 3. Phytophage, rowing rod: to do with the eye, with the bacteria, with the pile, with the cover, the rod distance is about 5cm, the period of the bacteria is 28 days to 35 days. After the poles are turned over seven days, the upper and lower sides are exchanged, so that the ear rods are evenly heated and damp. 4. Ear management: (1) Lifting: When the ear buds on the ear are more than 50%, they will form a herringbone-shaped shed. The spacing of the ear woods is 8cm to 10cm, and the supporting wood is 60cm away from the ground. 80cm. (2) Sprinkler irrigation: When the temperature is above 37 °C for continuous drought, the sprinkler irrigation time of black fungus should be sprinkled according to the temperature of the temperature. (3) Weeding: When the weeds in the ear field exceed 10 cm, they are cut off in time. (4) Flip: After picking a black fungus, let the ear stem turn upside down. 5. Harvesting and processing: Spring ears are large and small, and rainy days are good. After each ear collection, the ear wood should be turned upside down to make the fungus even out of the ear, and more ears are produced to increase the yield. Use natural drying and machine drying. (4) Quality characteristics. 1. Sensory characteristics: The finished product is two-piece, the fluff is short and small, and it looks like "flying swallow". The ear surface is dark brown, with brightness, dark gray on the back, and the whole piece is intact. It cannot pass through the mesh with a diameter of 1cm. 2. Physical and chemical indicators: water content ≤ 14%, dry-wet ratio 1:17 or more, ear thickness 0.9 mm or more, crude protein ≥ 9.5%, total sugar ≥ 23.5%, crude fiber 3.5% to 4.5%, ash 3.5% to 4.5%, fat ≥ 1.4%. 3. Safety requirements: Product safety indicators must meet the relevant regulations of the state for similar products.

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Producers within the scope of protection of the black fungus GI products in Fangxian County may apply to the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Fangxian County of Hubei Province for the use of the “Special Mark for Geographical Indication Products”, which is reviewed by the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Hubei Province and approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. Announcement approval. The legal inspection agency for the black fungus in Fangxian County is designated by the Hubei Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.